Bachelor of Arts, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States, 1977
New York University, Madrid, Spain, 1977
MD, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States, 1982
Resident in Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States, 1982-1985
Fellowship in Cardiology (clinical), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States, 1985–1987
American Heart Association/Bugher Foundation Fellowship, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Institute for Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States, 1987–1989