Doctor of Medicine - U.M.K.C. School of Medicine – 1979
Resident in Internal Medicine - St. Luke’s Hospital of Kansas City, MO, United States, 1979-1980
Resident in Internal Medicine - Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States, 1980-1982
Fellow in Endocrinology - Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States, 1982-1985
W. L. Stevenson Fellow in Clinical Nutrition - Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States, 1984-1985