AB, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 1964
MD, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 1968
Internship, Harvard Medical Service, Boston City Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 1968-1970
Residency, Harvard Medical Service, Boston City Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 1968-1970
Board-certified in Internal Medicine and in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1977