Evaluating CMR

Clinical Tools

Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)

References


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  4. Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, et al. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity, and risk of cardiovascular disease and death: 13 year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984; 288: 1401-4.
  5. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27,000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet 2005; 366: 1640-9.
  6. Price GM, Uauy R, Breeze E, et al. Weight, shape, and mortality risk in older persons: elevated waist-hip ratio, not high body mass index, is associated with a greater risk of death. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 84: 449-60.
  7. Pouliot MC, Després JP, Lemieux S, et al. Waist circumference and abdominal sagittal diameter: best simple anthropometric indexes of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and related cardiovascular risk in men and women. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 460-8.
  8. Afghani A, Abbott AV, Wiswell RA, et al. Central Adiposity, Aerobic Fitness, and Blood Pressure in Premenopausal Hispanic Women. International Journal of Sports Medicine 2004; 25: 599-606.
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  11. Rissanen P, Hamalainen P, Vanninen E, et al. Relationship of metabolic variables to abdominal adiposity measured by different anthropometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in obese middle-aged women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21: 367-71.
  12. Visscher TL, Seidell JC, Molarius A, et al. A comparison of body mass index, waist-hip ratio and waist circumference as predictors of all-cause mortality among the elderly: the Rotterdam study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 1730-5.
  13. Bigaard J, Frederiksen K, Tjonneland A, et al. Waist and hip circumferences and all-cause mortality: usefulness of the waist-to-hip ratio? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28: 741-7.
  14. Wang Z and Hoy WE. Waist circumference, body mass index, hip circumference and waist-to-hip ratio as predictors of cardiovascular disease in Aboriginal people. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58: 888-93.
  15. Kamel EG, McNeill G, Han TS, et al. Measurement of abdominal fat by magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry in non-obese men and women. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999; 23: 686-92.
  16. Bonora E, Micciolo R, Ghiatas AA, et al. Is it possible to derive a reliable estimate of human visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from simple anthropometric measurements? Metabolism 1995; 44: 1617-25.
  17. Ross R, Leger L, Morris D, et al. Quantification of adipose tissue by MRI: relationship with anthropometric variables. J Appl Physiol 1992; 72: 787-95.
  18. Ross R, Shaw KD, Rissanen J, et al. Sex differences in lean and adipose tissue distribution by magnetic resonance imaging: anthropometric relationships. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 1277-85.
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  22. Han TS, McNeill G, Seidell JC, et al. Predicting intra-abdominal fatness from anthropometric measures: the influence of stature. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1997; 21: 587-93.
  23. Definition, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Report of a WHO consultation. 1999.
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  26. Pascale RW, Wing RR, Blair EH, et al. The effect of weight loss on change in waist-to-hip ratio in patients with type II diabetes. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16: 59-65.
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