Imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are the gold standard measures for assessing total and intra-abdominal (visceral) fat. However, their cost and limited availability hinder routine widespread use. Other clinical tools, such as dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and ultrasonography, are useful techniques for assessing total and intra-abdominal adiposity and related health risk at a significantly lower cost. The caveat is that these methods are less accurate in measuring intra-abdominal fat, which may limit their ability to identify individuals at increased health risk.