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Managing Cardiometabolic Risk
Managing Cardiometabolic Risk in Abdominally Obese Patients
Physical Activity and Exercise
- 1Key Points (1 page)
- 2Exercise and Cardiometabolic Risk (2 pages)
- 3Exercise and Abdominal Obesity (3 pages)
- 4Exercise and Insulin Resistance (5 pages)
- 5Exercise and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia (4 pages)
- 6Exercise and Elevated Blood Pressure (3 pages)
- 7Exercise and Thrombosis (3 pages)
- 8Exercise and Systemic Inflammation (3 pages)
- 9References (1 page)
Exercise and Elevated Blood Pressure
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High blood pressure has been shown to cause stroke, coronary heart disease, and renal disease, and its reduction is associated with a significant drop in the risk of cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality (87). Some have also suggested that blood pressure need not drop dramatically to significantly lower associated health risk (88). Inactivity is a major risk factor for high blood pressure, and sedentary individuals are up to 50% more likely to develop hypertension compared to more active individuals (89). Many reviews (90-95) have looked at the effect of regular exercise on blood pressure, and their findings are presented below.
Reference
87. He J and Whelton PK. Elevated systolic blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular and renal disease: overview of evidence from observational epidemiologic studies and randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J 1999; 138: 211-9.
88. Cook NR, Cohen J, Hebert PR, et al. Implications of small reductions in diastolic blood pressure for primary prevention. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155: 701-9.
89. Paffenbarger RS, Jr., Wing AL, Hyde RT, et al. Physical activity and incidence of hypertension in college alumni. Am J Epidemiol 1983; 117: 245-57.
90. Whelton SP, Chin A, Xin X, et al. Effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2002; 136: 493-503.
91. Kelley GA. Effects of aerobic exercise in normotensive adults: a brief meta-analytic review of controlled clinical trials. South Med J 1995; 88: 42-6.
92. Kelley GA. Aerobic exercise and resting blood pressure among women: a meta-analysis. Prev Med 1999; 28: 264-75.
93. Arroll B and Beaglehole R. Does physical activity lower blood pressure: a critical review of the clinical trials. J Clin Epidemiol 1992; 45: 439-47.
94. Hagberg JM, Park JJ and Brown MD. The role of exercise training in the treatment of hypertension: an update. Sports Med 2000; 30: 193-206.
95. Fagard RH. Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in the obese. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999; 31: S624-30.
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